l carnitine and alpha lipoic acid benefits l-Carnitine Alpha-Lipoic Fail to Improve Anaerobic and Aerobic Performance in Trained Cyclists Despite a Reduction in Blood Lactate Concentration alpha lipoic acid and acetyl-l-carnitine

Glucose metabolism impairment in PD PD leads to glucose metabolism impairment PD may lead to glucose metabolism disorders through mechanisms such as intestinal microbial disorders, autonomic nerve dysfunction, abnormal insulin signal transduction and decreases of dopamine receptors

These neuroprotective effects can be a result of the enhanced antioxidant properties of DMSO which is mechanistically associated with the up-regulation of the SOD, GPx, and CAT genes

Enhances athletic performance

This is mediated by the interaction of CD47 with the inhibitory macrophage receptor, SIRP (Signal regulatory protein alpha) [166]