vitamin b12 injection is given where Best Site: Administering B12 Shots Choosing the Right Needle and

several times a day, then you may get enough B12 to hit your RDA of at least 3g (0.003mg) per day

Conditions that can cause cobalamin deficiency include: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) Pancreatic cancer Chronic enteropathy Alimentary lymphoma Small intestinal dysbiosis Inherited selective cobalamin malabsorption Inherited selective cobalamin malabsorption, which is known as Imerslund-Grsbeck syndrome (IGS) in humans, makes a dog genetically predisposed to have difficulty absorbing cobalamin

Minerva cardioangiologica

Additionally, the absence of IGF-1 stimulation distinguishes it from growth hormone therapies