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Following a significant increase in the number of deaths attributed to lung cancer in the country, epidemiologists Sir Richard Doll and Sir Austin Bradford Hill carried out studies which confirmed cigarettes were the cause.[iv] This was followed just over 10 years later, in 1962, by the publication of the Royal College of Physicians landmark report Smoking and Health which used Doll and Hills data.[v] Arriving at a time when the dangers of smoking were little understood by the public, it was the first report published anywhere in the world to widely publicise information about the negative effects of smoking on health, and it is considered to be a turning point in the history of public health in the UK.[vi] Its significance was underscored three years later, in 1965, when it was revealed the UK had the highest lung cancer death rate of any major country, with smoking being responsible for nearly 50% of the deaths of men in middle age.[vii] In 1974, the Government began collecting data on smoking prevalence in the UK as part of the General Household Survey (since renamed the General Lifestyle Survey).[viii] Compiled by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), it shows that smoking rates in 1974 were 51% for men and, again, 41% for women
Constant, however, expands her repertoire of Voodoo representation by creating new faces for the deities, developing a lexicon, a highly personalized encyclopedia that represents the invisible forces in Voodoo Religion
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GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators (2020)
