(iii) Safety Endpoints: Rare events and data scarcity place the posterior in a gray zone, best presented through probabilistic language that defines the boundaries of risks that can neither be confirmed nor excluded ( Consequently, clinical communication can shift from binary assertions (effective/ineffective, safe/unsafe) to a framework of probabilities + intervals + acceptance thresholds. For instance, the posterior probability of reaching a clinically meaningful weight-loss threshold can be presented alongside the posterior uncertainty of benefits in hard reproductive endpoints, rather than replacing the decision process with a single P -value
Short, efficient options like intervals, hill walks, HIIT, or resistance circuits if youre busy
Sourcing is the more immediate problem
virtually all gray matter areas can be involved including cerebral cortex, hippocampus, deep gray matter nuclei, cerebellum and even spinal gray matter (Calabrese et al., 2015