alcohol and tobacco deaths per year Fifteen-year cumulative death rates from smoking-and/or alcohol-related Alcohol mortality rate and total

Progress in countries Despite the challenges, the report highlights countries in the Region that are on track to achieve SDG 3.a

LITERATURE REVIEW 1) Cigarette smoking effects on the respiratory epithelium The epithelium coating the upper respiratory tract acts as a first line of defense against invasive agents (pollutants, allergens, microorganisms), and it can cause upper airway symptoms and diseases when in contact with these agents.5 Inhaled cigarette smoke, both passively as well as actively, has been associated with chronic irritation and discomfort on the eyes, nose and oropharynx.6 Since 1964, when a report was published about smoking by the U.S

Having a tube inserted into your nose and into your stomach to drain its contents may be necessary

The heavy metal in tobacco smoke, such as lead, copper and cadmium, is what accumulates inside the natural lens, leading to cataract formation