paraxanthine increases glutathione catalase Concerted action of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, Caffeine and Its Antioxidant Properties—It

Notably, the present narrative review is an extension of a previous review article that covered polyphenols and/or phytoestrogens that included daidzein, equol, genistein, and resveratrol as supplemental therapies for skin aging, which was published in Dermatology and Therapy earlier this year by Lephart (2025) [9]

In vivo studies revealed a 16.8-fold increase in plasma half-life (t) and a 16.1-fold increase in oral bioavailability compared to native GSH

GK: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing original draft, Writing review & editing

Sleep Disturbances Trouble falling asleep or disrupted sleep patterns