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There is no proof that anything improper went on between them

Although this study included both male and female mice, it did not include hormonal effects across genders and life stages as in humans such as puberty and menopause which could also influence how smoking affects endocrine functions and reproductive health 2

[144] Diacetyl and acetylpropionyl have been found at greater levels in the e-cigarette vapor than is accepted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, [145] although diacetyl and acetylpropionyl are normally found at lower levels in e-cigarettes than with traditional cigarettes

There are four different premarket review pathways for tobacco products: (1) premarket tobacco application (PMTA), (2) substantial equivalence (SE), (3) substantial equivalence (SE) exemption, and (4) modified risk tobacco product (MRTP)