tobacco industry interference index Global 2025 Global Tobacco Industry Interference Index

Surveys assessed whether smokers had ever switched cigarette brands or styles to reduce health risk and about likelihood of switching if the smoker learned their brand had more of a specific chemical than other cigarettes

For this subgroup, the summary effect was 0.98 (0.57 1.38), which is directionally and statistically consistent with, but half the magnitude of, the whole-group analysis result, and implies that a 10% increase in cigarette price is associated with a 9.8% (5.7%13.8%) increase in ENDS demand

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Moreover, there was an accumulation of brown-pigmented macrophages in lung tissue of smoke-exposed mice (Fig